{"id":81702,"date":"2025-10-17T06:00:33","date_gmt":"2025-10-17T10:00:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.mundoacuicola.cl\/new\/?p=81702"},"modified":"2025-10-17T17:42:47","modified_gmt":"2025-10-17T21:42:47","slug":"uso-de-antimicrobianos-en-salmon-del-atlantico-revela-brechas-persistentes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.mundoacuicola.cl\/new\/uso-de-antimicrobianos-en-salmon-del-atlantico-revela-brechas-persistentes\/","title":{"rendered":"Estudio revela patrones hist\u00f3ricos de uso de antimicrobianos en Salmo salar y brechas existentes"},"content":{"rendered":"

Sebasti\u00e1n Zavala, m\u00e9dico veterinario y analista de datos del Laboratorio de Farmacolog\u00eda\u00a0 Veterinaria (Farmavet) de la Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias de la\u00a0 Universidad de Chile, present\u00f3 los resultados de un estudio que examin\u00f3 casi una d\u00e9cada\u00a0 de uso de antimicrobianos en la salmonicultura chilena, con foco en centros de cultivo de\u00a0 salm\u00f3n del Atl\u00e1ntico (<\/span>Salmo salar<\/span><\/i>) ubicados en la Regi\u00f3n de Los Lagos.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

La investigaci\u00f3n, presentada en el marco de LACQUA 2025 y realizada junto a Alexander Jaramillo, Aldo Maddaleno y Javiera Cornejo,\u00a0 tuvo por objetivo caracterizar los patrones hist\u00f3ricos de uso y consumo de f\u00e1rmacos, e\u00a0 identificar las principales tendencias asociadas a la resistencia antimicrobiana.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Antes de su segunda exposici\u00f3n, Zavala particip\u00f3 como presentador en una ponencia a\u00a0 nombre de la investigadora Catalina Fuentes. Todo ello, en el marco del bloque tem\u00e1tico\u00a0 Antimicrobianos en Acuicultura de LACQUA 2025. La presentaci\u00f3n abord\u00f3 la evaluaci\u00f3n de\u00a0 una formulaci\u00f3n co-encapsulada de florfenicol con compuestos naturales como aloe vera y\u00a0 orujo de uva, desarrollada mediante la t\u00e9cnica de microencapsulaci\u00f3n <\/span>Layer-by-Layer<\/span><\/i>. \u201cEste\u00a0 proyecto est\u00e1 generando f\u00e1rmacos con un potencial enorme para mejorar la disponibilidad\u00a0 de herramientas terap\u00e9uticas contra Piscirickettsia salmonis y, al mismo tiempo, enfrentar la\u00a0 resistencia antimicrobiana\u201d, explic\u00f3 Zavala.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Evoluci\u00f3n del uso de antimicrobianos\u00a0<\/b><\/h3>\n

El segundo trabajo, titulado <\/span>\u201cEstudio retrospectivo del uso de antimicrobianos en\u00a0 salm\u00f3n del Atl\u00e1ntico (<\/b>Salmo salar<\/i><\/b>) en distintos barrios y ciclos productivos de la\u00a0 Regi\u00f3n de Los Lagos, 2015-2024\u201d<\/b>, que es <\/span>parte de un estudio m\u00e1s amplio que busca <\/span>\u00a0<\/span>caracterizar el uso de qu\u00edmicos a nivel de ACS y relacionarlos con variables productivas y <\/span>\u00a0<\/span>sanitarias, <\/span>analiz\u00f3 la evoluci\u00f3n del consumo mediante el \u00edndice de consumo antimicrobiano\u00a0 (ICA) y otros par\u00e1metros asociados. Seg\u00fan Zavala, el estudio permiti\u00f3 confirmar una\u00a0 realidad conocida, pero ahora con datos concretos: \u201cFlorfenicol es quien est\u00e1 mandando en\u00a0 el uso de antimicrobianos, en desmedro de otros f\u00e1rmacos como oxitetraciclina o\u00a0 eritromicina, que en la pr\u00e1ctica se usan muy poco\u201d.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

El investigador advirti\u00f3 que esta escasa heterogeneidad farmacol\u00f3gica \u201ces un aspecto a\u00a0 considerar en el contexto de la resistencia antimicrobiana\u201d, ya que el uso repetido de un\u00a0 solo principio activo puede acelerar la p\u00e9rdida de eficacia terap\u00e9utica. Los resultados,\u00a0 a\u00f1adi\u00f3, muestran que existen centros de cultivo \u201cque hist\u00f3ricamente han tenido un consumo\u00a0 alto de antimicrobianos y siguen manteniendo ese comportamiento\u201d, pese a los esfuerzos\u00a0 por reducir su uso.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Al analizar el \u00edndice ICA, Zavala explic\u00f3 que \u201csi bien algunos centros se han caracterizado\u00a0 como de bajo uso, hay otros que permanecen en el grupo de alto consumo, lo cual permite\u00a0 inferir con cierta precisi\u00f3n que los que hist\u00f3ricamente utilizan mucho antimicrobiano tienden\u00a0 a seguir haci\u00e9ndolo\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n

Limitaciones del ICA\u00a0<\/b><\/h3>\n

El estudio tambi\u00e9n evidenci\u00f3 las limitaciones del ICA como \u00fanica herramienta de an\u00e1lisis.\u00a0 \u201cEl ICA ayuda a tener una visi\u00f3n global, pero queda corto, porque no permite ver aspectos\u00a0 como la duraci\u00f3n del tratamiento, la dosis ni la posolog\u00eda. Es una foto del momento, pero no\u00a0 refleja las din\u00e1micas que existen\u201d, sostuvo.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Zavala destac\u00f3 que estos hallazgos subrayan la necesidad de complementar los\u00a0 indicadores existentes con nuevas m\u00e9tricas que permitan orientar mejoras concretas. \u201cHay\u00a0 centros que hist\u00f3ricamente han tenido problemas con antimicrobianos y eso se ve al\u00a0 analizar el ICA. Si no existen otros indicadores para analizar estos fen\u00f3menos, \u00bfc\u00f3mo\u00a0 podemos entregar herramientas \u00fatiles para que tengan opci\u00f3n de mejora?\u201d, plante\u00f3.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Con ello, el equipo busca generar informaci\u00f3n que apoye la toma de decisiones y el\u00a0 desarrollo de estrategias de control m\u00e1s precisas frente al uso de antimicrobianos en la\u00a0 industria, aportando evidencia t\u00e9cnica para avanzar en pr\u00e1cticas de manejo sanitario m\u00e1s\u00a0 sostenibles.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Un estudio retrospectivo de Farmavet identific\u00f3 patrones hist\u00f3ricos de consumo de antimicrobianos en centros de cultivo de la Regi\u00f3n de Los Lagos entre 2015 y 2024, evidenciando escasa diversificaci\u00f3n terap\u00e9utica y alta dependencia del florfenicol. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10,"featured_media":81703,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[66],"tags":[1261,143,6544,122,2907,27794,184,2273,256,6027,137,197,15878,538,15981],"class_list":["post-81702","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-acuicultura","tag-acuicola","tag-acuicultura","tag-farmavet","tag-industria-acuicola","tag-industria-salmonera","tag-laboratorio-de-farmacologia-veterinaria","tag-salmon","tag-salmon-chileno","tag-salmon-del-atlantico","tag-salmonera","tag-salmones","tag-salmonicultura","tag-uchile","tag-universidad-de-chile","tag-uso-de-antimicrobianos"],"yoast_head":"\nEstudio revela patrones hist\u00f3ricos de uso de antimicrobianos en Salmo salar y brechas existentes - 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