{"id":92735,"date":"2026-09-25T09:46:54","date_gmt":"2026-09-25T13:46:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.mundoacuicola.cl\/new\/?p=92735"},"modified":"2026-09-25T09:46:54","modified_gmt":"2026-09-25T13:46:54","slug":"disenan-candidata-a-vacuna-contra-bkd-con-informacion-de-cepas-chilenas-de-renibacterium-salmoninarum","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.mundoacuicola.cl\/new\/disenan-candidata-a-vacuna-contra-bkd-con-informacion-de-cepas-chilenas-de-renibacterium-salmoninarum\/","title":{"rendered":"Dise\u00f1an candidata a vacuna contra BKD con informaci\u00f3n de cepas chilenas de Renibacterium salmoninarum"},"content":{"rendered":"

Investigadores de la Universidad de Concepci\u00f3n dise\u00f1aron mediante herramientas bioinform\u00e1ticas una candidata a vacuna contra la enfermedad bacteriana del ri\u00f1\u00f3n (BKD), uno de los desaf\u00edos sanitarios que afectan a los salm\u00f3nidos. El trabajo incorpor\u00f3 informaci\u00f3n de dos cepas chilenas de Renibacterium salmoninarum<\/em> y propone una prote\u00edna dise\u00f1ada para estimular distintos componentes de la respuesta inmune del salm\u00f3n Atl\u00e1ntico.<\/p>\n

La investigaci\u00f3n fue desarrollada por Crist\u00f3bal Morales, Vicente Arriagada, Erick Bonilla, Bruno Prina, Esteban Godoy, Benjam\u00edn Molina-Ch\u00e1vez, Emilio Gutierrez, Victor Roa, Leonardo A. G\u00f3mez y \u00c1ngel A. O\u00f1ate, del Laboratorio de Inmunolog\u00eda Molecular del Departamento de Microbiolog\u00eda de la Facultad de Ciencias Biol\u00f3gicas de la Universidad de Concepci\u00f3n, junto a Alberto Osorio, del Simes Educational Center, en Santiago. El estudio fue publicado el 25 de septiembre en Frontiers in Bioinformatics.<\/p>\n

La propuesta apunta a R. salmoninarum<\/em>, bacteria responsable de BKD y capaz de permanecer dentro de c\u00e9lulas del sistema inmune, una caracter\u00edstica que dificulta su eliminaci\u00f3n y ha limitado el desempe\u00f1o de estrategias tradicionales de control. Los autores se\u00f1alan que hasta ahora no existe una vacuna comercial que haya demostrado una protecci\u00f3n consistente y duradera frente a esta bacteria bajo condiciones de campo.<\/p>\n

Una candidata dise\u00f1ada a partir de informaci\u00f3n gen\u00e9tica<\/h3>\n

Para construir la propuesta, el equipo analiz\u00f3 prote\u00ednas de tres cepas de R. salmoninarum<\/em>: una cepa de referencia y las cepas chilenas DJ2R y H2.<\/p>\n

Mediante una serie de filtros computacionales, los investigadores buscaron prote\u00ednas conservadas entre las tres bacterias, asociadas a factores relevantes para el pat\u00f3geno y con caracter\u00edsticas que las hicieran interesantes como posibles blancos de una respuesta inmune. El proceso redujo miles de prote\u00ednas iniciales hasta seleccionar 15 candidatas para las etapas posteriores del dise\u00f1o. fbinf-6-1899416<\/p>\n

A partir de ellas se identificaron peque\u00f1os fragmentos capaces, seg\u00fan las predicciones, de ser reconocidos por distintos componentes del sistema inmune. El dise\u00f1o final, denominado RS-MEVC, re\u00fane 15 de estos fragmentos en una \u00fanica prote\u00edna: cinco orientados a respuestas de anticuerpos y diez vinculados con mecanismos celulares de defensa. fbinf-6-1899416<\/p>\n

La inclusi\u00f3n de informaci\u00f3n proveniente de cepas aisladas en Chile busca aumentar la pertinencia del dise\u00f1o para las condiciones locales de producci\u00f3n.<\/p>\n

Otro elemento particular fue la exclusi\u00f3n deliberada de p57, una de las prote\u00ednas m\u00e1s estudiadas de R. salmoninarum<\/em>. Los autores optaron por no incorporarla debido a antecedentes sobre su capacidad de modular la respuesta inmune del pez y priorizaron otros blancos que podr\u00edan resultar m\u00e1s adecuados para inducir protecci\u00f3n.<\/p>\n

Una estrategia pensada para activar distintas defensas<\/h3>\n

El dise\u00f1o incorpora adem\u00e1s fragmentos derivados de flagelina, una prote\u00edna bacteriana utilizada en este caso como estimulante molecular de la respuesta inmune.<\/p>\n

Los an\u00e1lisis computacionales predijeron que la prote\u00edna dise\u00f1ada podr\u00eda interactuar de manera estable con TLR5, un receptor del salm\u00f3n Atl\u00e1ntico encargado de reconocer se\u00f1ales bacterianas y activar mecanismos iniciales de defensa. Las simulaciones tambi\u00e9n mostraron una estructura estable y caracter\u00edsticas consideradas favorables para continuar su desarrollo. fbinf-6-1899416<\/p>\n

El objetivo de esta estrategia es especialmente relevante para BKD porque R. salmoninarum<\/em> puede sobrevivir dentro de c\u00e9lulas del hospedador. Por ello, los investigadores buscaron un dise\u00f1o capaz de favorecer no solo la producci\u00f3n de anticuerpos, sino tambi\u00e9n respuestas celulares que puedan ser importantes frente a este tipo de infecci\u00f3n.<\/p>\n

El siguiente paso ser\u00e1 llevar el dise\u00f1o al laboratorio<\/h3>\n

Por ahora, RS-MEVC existe \u00fanicamente como una candidata desarrollada y evaluada computacionalmente. Todav\u00eda no ha sido producida como prote\u00edna ni administrada a salmones, por lo que su capacidad de generar inmunidad o proteger frente a BKD no ha sido demostrada.<\/p>\n

Los autores proponen como siguiente etapa producir la prote\u00edna recombinante y evaluar inicialmente si activa las respuestas esperadas en c\u00e9lulas de salm\u00f3n. Posteriormente ser\u00edan necesarios ensayos de vacunaci\u00f3n y desaf\u00edo con R. salmoninarum<\/em> para determinar su seguridad, respuesta inmune y capacidad real de protecci\u00f3n.<\/p>\n

El estudio completo, Reverse vaccinology and immunoinformatics-driven design of a multiepitope vaccine candidate against Renibacterium salmoninarum<\/em>, fue publicado en Frontiers in Bioinformatics<\/em>.<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Investigadores de la Universidad de Concepci\u00f3n y Simes Educational Center dise\u00f1aron una candidata a vacuna contra BKD a partir de herramientas bioinform\u00e1ticas y de informaci\u00f3n gen\u00e9tica de tres cepas de Renibacterium salmoninarum, incluidas dos chilenas. El trabajo propone una prote\u00edna capaz de reunir distintos blancos del pat\u00f3geno y ahora deber\u00e1 avanzar hacia su validaci\u00f3n experimental.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10,"featured_media":92736,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[398],"tags":[15739,470,1223,6072,8240,3144,5288,3430,1357,197,22434,30608,1342,4167],"class_list":["post-92735","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-titular","tag-bioinformatica","tag-bkd","tag-chile","tag-enfermedad-bacteriana-del-rinon","tag-enfermedades-bacterianas","tag-inmunologia","tag-investigacion-acuicola","tag-renibacterium-salmoninarum","tag-salmon-atlantico","tag-salmonicultura","tag-sanidad-acuicola","tag-simes-educational-center","tag-universidad-de-concepcion","tag-vacuna"],"yoast_head":"\nDise\u00f1an candidata a vacuna contra BKD con informaci\u00f3n de cepas 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